Toyota a Glimpse of Leadership, Organizational...

Toyota: A Glimpse of Leadership, Organizational Behavior, and Organizational Structure Courtney Berry Organizational behavior is the study of application of individuals’ behaviors within structured groups within an organization (Robbins Judge, 2007). The field of study identifies behaviors within specific groups and individuals in organizations and how the structures of organizations play a role in behaviors (Robbins Judge, 2007). In the past several months, the leading company in the car industry has been experiencing a quality control and consumer product safety issue. Toyota is not only encountering a quality control issue but also a senior management crisis issue. The corporate leadership team of Toyota did not recognize†¦show more content†¦These behaviors are found at the managerial role but play an important and predictive role at determining the behaviors of an organization and its structure. When Toyota led the way in the car industry the organization was firing on all cylinders in their organizational behavior. At the individual level, job satisfacti on empowers the employees to make decisions on the line and create effcient processes that lead to high production. At the group level, communication and decisions are made across multiple teams and employees to engineer the highest level of product leadership (Womack Shook, 2007). The organizational level mirrors the individual and group level that creates a culture of pride within Toyota. This organizational pride creates a culture of employees with a belief that Toyota engineers the best products. Organizational structure is the backbone to the strategy of an organization. It helps carry out new strategies by differing structure designs and parameters in which individuals and groups communicate within organizations (Mintzber, Lampel, Quinn, Ghoshal, 2003). The car industry typically mirrors the machine organizational structure. The work is highly standardized and is designed to run by a large technostructure to formalize behaviors and actions (Mintzber, et al, 2003). The structure of this design typically limits power at the operatorShow MoreRelatedEssay about Marketing and Entry Mode19449 Words   |  78 PagesTITLE â€Å"Internationalization Process of Toyota in Europe from the Perspectives of Entry Mode and Network Structure† London School of Commerce (LSC) University of Wales Institute of Cardiff (UWIC) Student Name: Miss. Sajida Ramzan Student ID: 0089kkvl0409 Course: BABS 6 (HONS) Subject: Disertation Lecturer: Dr. Gerald Pollio Executive Summary Problem, Purpose and Method Decision-makers, like sailors, need to know how to ride out a potential storm and to understand how theRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesBusiness Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth Edition Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. 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Managing Suppliers Chapter 8. Logistics Chapter 9. Dealer and Demand Fulfillment Chapter 10. Crisis Management Chapter 11. The Toyota Way of Managing Supply Chains Chapter 12. How to Apply Toyota Way Principles to NonautomotiveRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagescontribute to this volume to recognize Michael’s contributions to academic accounting. I am honoured to join them. Anthony G. Hopwood University of Oxford December 2005 PREFACE ‘ A multitude of forces shape management accounting. From an organizational perspective, decision-makers and other users of accounting information often perceive changes in their information needs. Consequently, providers of accounting information within organizations respond to many of these desired changes by redesigningRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesChapter 10 Reducing Project Duration Leadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization culturesRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pages is the Horace Beesley Professor of Strategy at the Marriott School, Brigham Young University. He is widely published in strategy and business journals and was the fourth most cited management scholar from 1996–2006. is a professor of leadership at INSEAD. 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The World Record Holder Olga Liashchuk - 1509 Words

Watermelon Crushing With Her Thighs You know they say that the watermelon is a lot like the human skull? That is why you should definitely not cross World Record holder Olga Liashchuk. She holds the record for fastest time to crush 3 watermelons between your thighs. She did it in only 14 seconds. Olga is from the Ukraine, which is pretty obvious from her name, but you should just probably avoid that whole region to avoid somehow pissing her off. Fit A Coke Can Inside His Mouth Having a giant mouth isn’t really a talent so much as a freak of genetics. This is Francisco Domingo Joaquim and he can fit a coke can into his mouth. His mouth measures in at a freaky 6.69 inches and his giant piehole earned him the World Record of World’s Widest Mouth. He is also known as the Angolan Jaw of Awe which is a reference to his home country of Angola. He began practicing his talent on the streets of Angola’s capital city of Luanda where he was noticed by the Guinness Book of World Record people. Today, he is an internet sensation with thousands of followers and he said that being in the Guinness World Record book is a dream come true for him. Squeezing Through a Tennis Racket Captain Frodo is also known as the Incredible Rubber Man and he has the extremely unnerving ability to fit through a tennis racket. He is a world-renowned contortionist that is able to do what he does because he is double jointed, which means that he can dislocate his joints. His father was actually a

Evolution of Supply Chains and Logistics †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Evolution of Supply Chains and Logistics. Answer: Introduction: Research on supply chain information systems (SCIT) started in the 1980s. In the beginning, SCIT was intended to automate manual processes like ordering and settling of accounts so that it would be a substitute to processes which are repetitive. Over the years, SCIT have initiated new features, for example sharing of information, coordinating and collaborating, so that an organisation is well connected to stakeholders in the supply chain. Such features enabled organisations to benefit from reduction in operating costs, improved customer service and sustained competitive advantages (Harnowo 2015). These features motivated the adoption of SCIT among many companies. An example of such an organisation is Wal-Mart, which invested a lot in SCIT and this significantly improved its coordination and collaboration with suppliers. This led to the company saving on its costs and these savings were passed to customers. Research however shows that not all companies benefited from SCIT (Prajogo Ol hager 2012). Many authors have considered SCIT broadly. Categorization of SCIT is therefore important so that there is a better understanding of which type of technology better fits with the objectives of an organisation. Some authors have classified SCIT based on the purpose of the business, relationship between an organisation and its suppliers and the function of information in the supply chain system. Other researchers also classify SCIT based on level of interdependence between the stakeholders in the supply chain and they have suggested three types of SCIT which are collective information resource, value chain information system, and networked information systems. Bensaou and Venkatraman (1995) also researched and suggested five types of SCIT which are remote relationships, electronic control, electronic interdependence, structural relationships, and mutual adjustment. Role of Technology in modern supply chain Information technology is considered as a key driver in the supply chain because it enables different elements to collaborate, with an aim of creating a supply chain which is integrated and coordinated. This is important as it ensures that processes flow smoothly and that deliveries are done on time. Technology is also important to the supply chain as it makes information visible to all managers in the supply chain. Due to this visibility, managers are able to make decisions that will enhance performance of the overall supply chain (Varma Khan 2017). Technology is also key in the supply chain as it reduces the function in transactions between the partners in the supply chain. This is achieved through cost-effective flow of information. Technology enables speedy remittance of information between the players in the supply chain hence reducing the time and process that would be take in transactions (Carr 2016). It also enhances collaboration and coordination, due to this sharing of information. Information Technology has also led to saving of costs by organisations. Due to smooth and efficient flow or information, processes happen quickly and this leads to saving of money by organizations. Longer processes are eliminated and the company is able to use the money saved to grow its business in other areas. Organizations are also able to spend more time focusing on their core business, as they do not have to constantly think about things that may have gone wrong during the supply chain processes (Stadtler 2015). Technologies in use in modern supply chain Computerized supply chain management has led to revolutionizing of businesses by allowing for better visibility and tracking. Organizations are able to implement real-time monitoring of the entire supply chain. Various technologies have improved the supply chain process. One of these technologies is radio technology through radio frequency identification, which enables effective monitoring or products in the production chain and in the supply line (Ye Wang 2013). Radio frequency chips are placed on all the items, which assists employees to detect any anomalies within orders. Problems can be corrected early before they ruin the whole supply chain. Another technology is advanced weighing technology, which has enabled the use of onboard truck sales. This has led to seamless operations when access to platform scales is not available. They ensure that a truck carries maximum weight from loading point while saving money and time (Butler 2016). They also ensure safety. The revolution of social media has enabled different organizations to optimize supply chain operations. It has enabled the opening up of more channels and remaining in touch with all supply-chain stakeholders. It increases company visibility and makes it very easy to respond to questions. Transport management software has enabled shipping and tracking of orders, which can even be done, from a mobile phone. Inventory data can be organized, shipping managed and distribution monitored (Brindley 2017). This has led to enhancement of customer experience and reduction of errors in the entire process. Data analytics has led to a lot of readily available information in the supply chain. New tools are generating volumes of data hence driving intelligence that can be used by the supply chain effectively. How technology use has changed supply chain interactions Technology use has changed supply change interactions for the better. Technology has allowed all the stakeholders in the supply chain to make better decisions as it had enabled fast collection of data from different sources and analysis if this data in an efficient manner (Sindi Roe 2017). This has led to better relationships in the supply chain. Due to technology, interactions have become better as there is integration of multiple platforms. These platforms work well together due standardized protocols. Digital boundaries, which previously existed, have been brought down hence enabling faster communication between supply chain stakeholders. Due to supply chain technologies, there has been removal of physical and political boundaries have occurred hence leading to greater interactions all over the globe. This has led to common data access, storage and retrieval (Carr 2016). This interconnection has led to enhanced security measures as security monitoring and implementation is possible across all digital planes while at the same time maintaining communication flow and enhancing business flow. As organisations become more dependent on technology, supply chain providers have been able to recognize the role of technology in todays supply chain. The embracing of technology has led to reduction of problems that traditionally occurred in the supply chain management process (Ye Wang 2013). Organizations, which have not embraced technology in their supply chain processes, have to do so if they aim to reduce costs and enhance smooth process flow. References Bensaou, M. and Venkatraman, N., 1995. Configurations of interorganizational relationships: A comparison between US and Japanese automakers. Management science,41(9), pp.1471-1492. Brindley, C. ed., 2017.Supply chain risk. Taylor Francis. Butler, J.L., 2016.1. Enabling Rapid Capture of Information Technology Opportunities: A Study of Opportunity Management in a Supply Chain (Doctoral dissertation). Carr, A.S., 2016. Relationships among Information Technology, Organizational Cooperation and Supply Chain Performance.Journal of Managerial Issues,28. Harnowo, A.S., 2015. Roles of Information Technology in Supply Chain Management. Prajogo, D. and Olhager, J., 2012. Supply chain integration and performance: The effects of long-term relationships, information technology and sharing, and logistics integration.International Journal of Production Economics,135(1), pp.514-522. Sindi, S. and Roe, M., 2017. The Evolution of Supply Chains and Logistics. InStrategic Supply Chain Management(pp. 7-25). Springer International Publishing. Stadtler, H., 2015. Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Varma, T.N. and Khan, D.A., 2017. Information technology in supply chain management. Ye, F. and Wang, Z., 2013. Effects of information technology alignment and information sharing on supply chain operational performance.Computers Industrial Engineering,65(3), pp.370-377.

The effects of music on endurance training free essay sample

The purpose of this project is for us to research and become an expert on our topic of interest chosen during the class. This topic selected must be researched thoroughly and must be written down in this document. Rationale for Topic Choice The reason I choose this as my primary topic is because I was always very interested and love listening to music. Through personal experience I have noticed that when I listen to music while working out I have noticed a significant change in personality and also an extra boost in motivation. After a through and hard research, I will finally motivation and a better exercise.Another example would be if you were exercising while running around early in the morning, you will be tired and not in the mood but if you listen to music that can help boost your motivation. The list how music can benefit you go quite long but the main part is how does it make your stronger? The Different Type of Music and Style Researchers have found out that most people could make an accurate Judgment about a persons creativity, open-mindedness after listening to their top ten favorite songs. We will write a custom essay sample on The effects of music on endurance training or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Each athlete can have their personal song choice but depend on the athletes port they have different music types.The type of music a person listens to can Judge their character while some music work better then others for training. Music Type Personality Pop You as a person are probably someone who is honest and conversational, and are also hard workers and have high self-esteem. Rap / Hip Hop You are probably aggressive or violent person, and have quite high self-esteem and are always outgoing. Country Country people are usually hardworking, conversational and also very emotionally You have Low self-esteem and very creative Classical Good sense of self-esteem and are very creativeJazz, Blues and Souls Extravagant and have high-selfsame Data is based off from (http://psychology. About. Com/odd/oversimplifications/a/ music-and-personality. HTML When training an athlete it is recommended to listen to pop music as it could increase the motivation mainly while they still can listen to other music. Music has a great affect on people as it has been with us for centuries Music and Sports Music has a huge impact when playing sports, music is a way to distract oneself from the physical activity they are enduring and to try to lessen their consciousness of fatigue.However recent studies have seen that music has a much greater effect than just providing a distraction. (2) Through studies made by sport psychologists, they have determined that music has a great impact on the performance of an athletes athletic abilities. Dry. Costa geographic from the Brunet University has done studies to see the results of music and how it affects the human body. Through listening to synchronous music it has proven out that it can increase an athletes performance up 20%, which is quite a lot. (2) Music provides a distraction; music will often help calm athletes nerves.It can also be used to synchronize the rhythm of body movement and motions. Music will pump up the energy levels for motivation to get more done and will be much more focused. Music can help distract athletes from their surrounds and from any distraction, which will interfere with the athletes performance. Music can increase your heart rate depending on the different types of music. Usually when a song has a steady beat, it can often be eve effective and powerful. Pop appears to be one of the most powerful effects on an athlete; it has been called a performance-enhancing dominant. Studies done by Gregory Term-Rotunda from the university of Miami, prove how listening to music while exercising can reduces your awareness of how hard your workout is by almost up to 10%-15%. (4) (http://news. Big. Co. UK/media/ images,701 Music makes it a lot easier for your brain to follow a fast but steady pace because of the beat of music, which also helps you control your nerves. This is because in one part of the ear it picks up sound and controls balance and some other functions. Music does many things and plays some major roles such as coordination and intro, and also improves productivity.Music and the Brain Can listening to music be good and have physiological benefits? Levities and colleagues published a Meta-Analysis of 400 studies in the Journal Trends in researchers studied patients who were about to undergo surgery. Participants were randomly assigned to either listen to music or take anti-anxiety drugs. Scientists tracked patients ratings of their own anxiety, as well as the levels of the stress hormone cortical. (5) The results showed that the patients who listened to music had less anxiety and lower cortical than people who took drugs.Levities cautioned that this is only one study, and more research needs to be done to confirm on the results, but it points toward a powerful medicinal use for music. (5) Through the data collected it shows how music cab be arguable to be better and less expensive then the drugs taken when having surgery, while there are no side affects when you listen to music. Levities and colleagues has evidence that music is associated with the mucilaginous, a class of proteins present in the serum and cells of which is in the immune system and functions as antibodies. Mucilaginous http://content. Answers. Com/main/content/OMG/Elsevier/vet/Gregg.Jpg) Music may activate the flow of stored memory across the corpus callous. This allows the right and left-brain hemispheres to work in harmony rather than in conflict. Since music is nonverbal in nature, it will trigger the right hemisphere. When used in a therapeutic nature, the fertilization of words will trigger the logical left- brain at the same time, which allow the brain to communication between the left and right brain. (6) (http://www. Livingston. Com/article/1 57461 -how-music-affects-the-human-brain/) Music and Muscles Music does a lot with different muscles increasing their endurance and potential.Music with rhythm can increase the action potential in the muscles of the cranial region and the extremities. Research has been done that show when you dont listen to music compared to listening to music is worse. Music can cause a state of relaxation, which causes an increase in blood flow. When you have more blood flow through why you train, which means more oxygen. (6) Through the multiple of research done, it shows how most individuals who listen to music while training will eve their muscles more relaxed and can work harder and have a higher heart rate.Depending on the different genres of music, it does matter. If you listen to the music type you like or is your personality then there will be more relaxation and less stiff in the muscles to perform better overall. So if your going to listen to music you should make sure its your personal choice, but pop would be recommended over classical. (http://breathtakingly. Com/sports-psychology/how-music-affects-your-workout) A different investigator named Pearce (born in 1981) has an experiment on seeing the influence of music, sedative music and silence (no music) on measured grip strength. There were 33 males and 16 females, who were undergraduates picked randomly assigned to the different type of stimulant listed above. After the analysis showed when listening to sedative music decreased strength significantly when compared to between the stimulus and having silence. Endurance training Endurance training is athletic training that is designed to improve your stamina and endurance. Athletes would use endurance training for both long and short events or races. When going through endurance training your body will undergoes histological changes.

Calculating Enthalpy Changes Using Hesss Law

Calculating Enthalpy Changes Using Hess's Law Hesss Law, also known as Hesss Law of Constant Heat Summation, states that the total enthalpy of a chemical reaction is the sum of the enthalpy changes for the steps of the reaction. Therefore, you can find enthalpy change by breaking a reaction into component steps that have known enthalpy values. This example problem demonstrates strategies for  how to use Hesss Law to find the enthalpy change of a reaction using enthalpy data from similar reactions. Hess's Law Enthalpy Change Problem What is the value for ΔH for the following reaction?CS2(l) 3 O2(g) → CO2(g) 2 SO2(g)Given:C(s) O2(g) → CO2(g); ΔHf -393.5 kJ/molS(s) O2(g) → SO2(g); ΔHf -296.8 kJ/molC(s) 2 S(s) → CS2(l); ΔHf 87.9 kJ/mol Solution Hesss law says the total enthalpy change does not rely on the path taken from beginning to end. Enthalpy can be calculated in one grand step or multiple smaller steps.To solve this type of problem, we need to organize the given chemical reactions where the total effect yields the reaction needed. There are a few rules that must be followed when manipulating a reaction. The reaction can be reversed. This will change the sign of ΔHf.The reaction can be multiplied by a constant. The value of ΔHf must be multiplied by the same constant.Any combination of the first two rules may be used. Finding a correct path is different for each Hesss law problem and may require some trial and error. A good place to start is to find one of the reactants or products where there is only one mole in the reaction.We need one CO2, and the first reaction has one CO2 on the product side.C(s) O2(g) → CO2(g), ΔHf -393.5 kJ/molThis gives us the CO2 we need on the product side and one of the O2 moles we need on the reactant side.To get two more O2 moles, use the second equation and multiply it by two. Remember to multiply the ΔHf by two as well.2 S(s) 2 O2(g) → 2 SO2(g), ΔHf 2(-326.8 kJ/mol)Now we have two extra S and one extra C molecule on the reactant side we dont need. The third reaction also has two S and one C on the reactant side. Reverse this reaction to bring the molecules to the product side. Remember to change the sign on ΔHf.CS2(l) → C(s) 2 S(s), ΔHf -87.9 kJ/molWhen all three reactions are added, the extra two sulfur and one extra c arbon atoms are canceled out, leaving the target reaction. All that remains is adding up the values of ΔHf.ΔH -393.5 kJ/mol 2(-296.8 kJ/mol) (-87.9 kJ/mol)ΔH -393.5 kJ/mol - 593.6 kJ/mol - 87.9 kJ/molΔH -1075.0 kJ/molAnswer:  The change in enthalpy for the reaction is -1075.0 kJ/mol. Facts About Hess's Law Hesss Law takes its name from Russian chemist and physician Germain Hess. Hess investigated thermochemistry and published his law of thermochemistry in 1840.To apply Hesss Law, all of the component steps of a chemical reaction need to occur at the same temperature.Hesss Law may be used to calculate  entropy and Gibbs energy in addition to enthalpy.

Texas AM Galveston Admissions Information

Texas AM Galveston Admissions Information Texas AM University at Galveston is a branch campus of Texas AM University focused on marine and maritime studies. It is a selective school, admitting 55 percent of applicants. The 135-acre suburban campuss main location is on Pelican Island, along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. The university is nearby several of Galveston’s popular beaches and is 50 miles northeast of Houston. It is also home to the Texas Maritime Academy, one of six American maritime academies that prepare future officers of the American Merchant Marines, Academically, Texas AM Galveston has a 15 to 1 student faculty ratio and offers ten undergraduate and three graduate degree programs within the field of marine and maritime studies. Marine biology and marine transportation are two of the most popular areas of study. Students are actively involved on campus, with 27 clubs and organizations and 13 professional organizations for students. The university has several men’s and women’s intramural sports teams and competes in varsity sailing and crew. Admissions Data (2015) Texas AM Galveston Acceptance Rate: 55 percentTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 500 / 590SAT Math: 520 / 610What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 22 / 26ACT English: 21 / 25ACT Math: 22 / 27What these ACT numbers mean Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 1,942 undergraduatesGender Breakdown: 61 percent male / 39 percent female92 percent full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $10,868 (in-state); $25,618 (out-of-state)Books: $1,054 (why so much?)Room and Board: $13,168Other Expenses: $2,596Total Cost (includes travel expenses): $30,696 (in-state); $46,336 (out-of-state) Texas AM University at Galveston Financial Aid More current data not available, but these figures are from 2011-12. Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 61 percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 39 percentLoans: 42 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $6,096Loans: $6,434 Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 45 percentTransfer Out Rate: 57 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 19 percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 30 percent Texas AM University at Galveston Mission Statement: mission statement from tamug.edu/about/ Texas AM University at Galveston is a special-purpose institution of higher education for undergraduate and graduate instruction in marine and maritime studies in science, engineering and business and for research and public service related to the general field of marine resources. The institution is under the management and control of the Board of Regents of The Texas AM University System, with degrees offered under the name and authority of Texas AM University at College Station. Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Some questions about the Art Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Some questions about the Art - Assignment Example The protagonists in this film are left to rely on their minds in solving the situation. The movie is all about relationship, which comes out as the prominent theme. Relationship between Jeff and Lisa is featured. Marriage theme is also featured whereby by the newly wedded couple shift to a new apartment. On approaching a film, we can consider such perspectives like themes, which explain what the movie is all about. Character traits of the casts are also analyzed to identify their roles within the film. Feminist perspective has been used to explain the Rear Window in a criticism on whether women in the movie have their points of view validated since they are explained as being used as objects of the male (Modleski and Tania 34). This movie has still maintained its ability to create fear and tension in an audience despite that it is close to sixty years old. When Thorwald attacks Lisa in his house, the audience is caught with fear and much tension as they watch the reactions of Jeff. Sigmund Freud was the father of psychoanalysis. He was a physiologist, psychologist, and influential thinker. All psychoanalytical concepts in the Rear Window are based on his work. Such concepts like; ego, repression, the stages of psychosexual development and family romance among others are borrowed for the works of Sigmund

SESSION LONG PROJECT MODULE 4 Union Organizing (USAA INSURANCE Essay

SESSION LONG PROJECT MODULE 4 Union Organizing (USAA INSURANCE COMPANY) - Essay Example Now only around 16% of the overall labour forces across industries tend to be unionised (Lawler). The insurance industry, in the year 2008, only around 3% of the insurance workers are part of union contracts in comparison to over 14% of the employees in the private industry (Statistics). Considering the above statistics, it is evident that unionisation is not wide spread within the industry and here the overall impact of unions is relatively low. In the case of USAA, the company does not face any issues of unionization and hence there is a smoother and effective decision making process as a whole. USAA to a great extent has proved to be among the few companies which are independent and not interdependent as most insurance companies. The trends in the industry have little or no impact on USAA (Lawler). The company has been able to effectively work towards developing and improvising its products and overall position in the markets with a competitive edge that the company is focused on the military people and their families. USAA is impacted by a few of the federal government legislations and this impact the overall insurance industry and the daily procedures and practices.

Chinese Influence On Your Culture Essay Example for Free

Chinese Influence On Your Culture Essay Historically, Vietnam has undergone many wars with some countries all over the world. After each war, Vietnamese culture was influenced by those countries. Especially, China is the huge country, which dominated Vietnam for a thousand years, (countryside, n,d). Thus, it is no surprise that Vietnamese culture has been affected by Chinese culture in many aspects such as calendar, language, religion and food. The most obvious influence can be seen is the calendar. In Vietnam, there are two different kinds of calendar. First calendar is International calendar, which is counted by the suns circulation. Another calendar is counted by the moons circulation, which is also known as lunar calendar, (fullmoonphases, n.d). Based on lunar calendar, we have some celebrations such as Lunar New Year, which is also called Tet holiday. It is the most important celebration in both countries. Besides that, in August of lunar calendar, Vietnamese have Moon day on 15th, August, which is known as Mid-Autumn festival. In that day, Vietnamese eat moon cakes and children bring lanterns, walking around their neighbors houses. Vietnam and China share similarities in celebrations due to the effect of Chinese calendar. Secondly, the influence of Chinese culture is apparent in Vietnamese language. Because China colonized Vietnam for over a thousand years, the Vietnamese language developed based on Chinese. In the 13th century, Chu Nom, which was known as Vietnamese writing, was developed but it was not popular in daily life of Vietnamese, (lonelyplanet, n.d). Until the 15th century, Vietnamese still used traditional Chinese language and after the middle of 20th century, it was superseded by the new, Latin alphabet, (languagetranslation, n.d). However, the greatest influence on Vietnamese language is Chinese language. It is about 60% of the Vietnamese words that can be known as original Sino-Vietnamese, (Chinatravel, 2014). Besides language that Vietnamese use daily, Chinese also affect Vietnamese literature. When people go to high school, they have to study creation and poetics in origin from China. Up to now, Chinese language still exists in Vietnam as a valuable subculture. Apart from the influences that have been mentioned above, the transformation of religious views is also remarkable owing to Chinas domination. Confucianism appeared in Vietnam in the first century by Chinese, when they were dominating Vietnam. It advocates a code of social behavior that man ought to observe so as to live in harmony with society and attain happiness in his individual life, (Huynh, n.d). Moreover, this religion has a slight point of view about world beyond and death. Besides that, Buddhism is one of the greatest religions all over the world. It is very popular in Asia, (history, n.d). In the second century B.C. Buddhism was introduced by Chinese and Indian, who came by ocean, (Huynh, n.d). As those religious view dated, they have become popular and developed prosperously in Vietnam, especially Buddhism. Finally, Chinese also has wide impacts on Vietnamese cuisine. Vietnamese have rice and vegetable for their mean meals daily. During the time of domination, Chinese people spread their cooking methods to Vietnamese. For example, they taught Vietnamese how to steam and stew in clay pots, (southeastfood, n.d). Furthermore, in some special occasions, both Vietnamese and Chinese people have typical dishes for each celebration. For instance, Lunar New Year is the biggest festival that has tangerines and oranges. It is known as lucky and wealthy fruit. Nevertheless, Chinese and Vietnamese do not organize tangerines and oranges in fours because this number is believed to have a connection with the death, (chow, n.d). In addition, typical food in Mid-Autumn festival is Moon cake. It is made of flour, pork, egg and a lot of kinds of peas, (chinesefood, n.d). During of this time, Vietnamese usually eat moon cakes and drink tea with their family. It is obvious that thanks to China domination, Vietnamese cuisine had a novel and wonderful break-through. In conclusion, the Vietnamese share many similarities in culture with Chinese because of the domination of Chinese. A thousand years is really such a long time to be colonized. Moreover, when Chinese had dominated Vietnam, they left behind many terrible consequences. For example, many people died and Vietnamese had to live independently during the war, which occurred between  Vietnam and China. On the other hand, Chinese directed Vietnamese about language, religions and cuisine in the period of national construction. Up to present, even though Vietnam is a dependent country and about to become a developed country, Vietnamese culture is still influenced by Chinese.

George Orwells 1984 :: essays research papers

1984, George Orwell Winston is the unfortunate victim of a totalitarian society gone haywire. In Oceania 1984, the Party has complete control over every aspect of its citizens’ lives. Telescreens that monitor their movements are found in every house and apartment. If a member of the Thought Police catches you so much as gritting your teeth during one of Big Brother’s speeches, it’s off to the Missionary of Love to be interrogated about your partaking in a conspiracy against the Party. It’s a time of unknowing chaos where war is peace, ignorance is strength, and freedom is slavery. The Party avoids revolt by using an interesting technique--not giving its citizens a reason to revolt. If the Party promises, for example, that there will be no reduction of chocolate rations and there does happen to be a reduction, they simply go back and change their original statement. This meaning they rewrite any newspaper articles, etc. that give evidence that they said there would be a reduction, and destroy all of the old copies. In this way, the Party’s predictions are always true. So our good old friend Winston is sitting in his office one day when he starts to have--gasp!--negative thoughts about the Party and its leader, Big Brother. He buys a diary, a crime considered worthy of death by the Party, and begins to record these thoughts daily. By chance, Winston happens to meet a fellow Party-hater, Julia. They believe that the Brotherhood (an organization against the Party) exists and that their co-worker O’Brien is involved with it. They meet with O’Brien and confirm that yes, indeed, he is involved with the Brotherhood. O’Brien gives them a copy of “The Book'; written by the Brotherhood’s leader Emanuel Goldstein about his political ideas. Julia and Winston are secure in their involvement with the Brotherhood and

Application of Honeycomb Sandwich Structures

Sandwich construction by and large consists of 3 parts ; the nucleus stuff that is lightweight and is covered by face sheets from the top and the underside. The stuff of the face sheets are normally made from stuffs that have high stiffness, while the nucleus of the construction is made up of extremely compressive stuff and high shear strength.Even though the constructions are lightweight, they have a high fracture/bending strength and buckling strength. Therefore this allowed the sandwich structures to go an indispensable portion of the modern lightweight building. The composite sandwich constructions are by and large preferable structural signifier because they can be easy constructed by utilizing stuffs that are significantly lower in costs, while they besides have higher bending stiffness, while keeping the same sum of fibre reinforced polymer stuffs being used. The nucleus is the portion that is responsible for the separating and repairing the shins, while besides defying cross shear, screening and radiation, absorb impact energy, and insulate heat transportation. The bonding of the faces to the nucleus, is to obtain a burden transportation between all the constituents. Polymeric cores that have higher denseness besides have higher shear and compaction strengths, but this besides makes them heavier hence a via media has to be reached between keeping low weight and high public presentation. The faces of the sandwich construction should hold high stiffness that will therefore five high flexural rigidness, a high compressive strength and high tensile strength, should be impact immune, good surface coating, and eventually it should besides be wear and environmental opposition so it does non respond with the surrounding. The usage of â€Å"sandwiching† , we are able to dramatically increase the strength and flexural rigidness, if we are to compare it to a individual tegument construction while non adding much weight. General demands of the construction:In order for the home bases to defy the compressive, tensile and shear emphasiss that are induced by the design burden, they should be thick plenty.The nucleus should hold more than adequate strength in order for it to defy the shear emphasiss that are being induced by the tonss, while besides the adhesive must besides hold sufficient strength, so it can be able to transport the shear emphasis into the nucleus.The nucleus should besides be thick plenty and have enough shear modulus to be able to forestall the overall buckling of the sandwich under tonss, and to besides forestall crimping ( the procedure where two pieces of metal or ductile stuff are joined by the distortion of one or both of them to keep one another )The nucleus cells should be little plenty in order to forestall dimpling ( pregnant chads are the little indentures or depressions that appear on the surface of a organic structure ) under burden.The nucleus must hold adequate compress ive strength that will assist it defy the suppression by the designed tonss that act normal to the panel facings, or by the compressive emphasiss that are induced through flection. The overall construction must hold sufficient shear and flexural rigidness to be able to avoid the inordinate warps under the designed burden.Dame that occurs in sandwich complexs, is a instead complex phenomena that is due to the legion failure mechanism.The honeycomb constructions are either natural constructions formed such as from bees, or semisynthetic constructions that use the geometry of the honeycomb in order to let the minimisation of the measure of stuffs that is being used in order to assist make a minimal weight while besides holding minimal stuff costs. The honeycomb structure’s geometry can differ immensely, but the most common characteristic of all of the constructions is the scope of hollow cells that are formed between the thin perpendicular walls. Normally the cell forms are eith er hexangular or columnar. The honeycomb like construction offers a stuff that has really small denseness and comparatively high compaction and shear belongingss. The stuffs of the semisynthetic honeycomb structural stuffs are often made by puting the honeycomb stuff between the two thin beds that provide the strength when there is tenseness. A plate-like assembly signifiers. The honeycomb stuffs are immensely used where a marginally curved or level surfaces are required and their high weight to strength ratio is valued. They are to a great extent used in the aerospace industry chiefly for this ground, while some stuffs such as advanced composite stuffs and fibreglass have been included in projectiles and aircrafts for over 50 old ages now. Honeycomb sandwich constructions can be found in several other applications, such as from something every bit basic as packaging stuffs utilizing paper-based honeycomb ( composition board ) , to athleticss merchandises such as snowboards and skis. Honeycomb sandwich constructions are industry by utilizing a broad assortment of different stuffs that depend on the application intended and the features that are required. Honeycomb nucleuss such as paper/cardboard and thermoplastics, used for low stiffness and low strength for low application tonss, to high stiffness and high strength for applications that require high public presentations, the nucleuss used in such instances are from fibre reinforced plastics or aluminium. Harmonizing to the size of the panel, the denseness or sum of the honeycomb cells that are within it, and the facing stuff the strength of sandwich panels are used. The honeycomb complexs are immensely used in assorted industries, from the automotive and aerospace industries, to furniture and wadding industries. The construction is named â€Å"honeycomb† due to the ocular resemblance to a bee’s honeycomb Honeycomb nucleuss are used in a broad assortment of applications such as ; Marine vass, aerospace applications, walls, doors, ceilings, warming and air conditioning units, in mensurating the energy loss of sound extension in media, lifts, in the directional systems of air, visible radiation and H2O, and eventually in bathroom and kitchen dividers. They are besides used in applications such as in the devising of human body of the modern type of expression one autos. In the expression one autos the honeycomb is sandwich in between two C shins that will make a really stiff and strong construction, which will therefore supply the protection to the driver if he is to hold a unsafe clang. Advantages of honeycomb sandwich over other conventional stuffs:It has really low weight therefore makes it easier to work withLastingnessHigh stiffnessSaves cost in productionIt requires really small careAdvantages of honeycomb sandwich constructions:Without dramatically increasing the weight, elevated degrees of strength and stiffness can be reachedThe sandwich building besides could move as either a thermic dielectric or a thermic transportations, this procedure depends on the stuff that is traveling to be used.Besides the moistening of noise and quiver occurs due to the nucleus stuff.Relatively light stuffs could be used.A huge array of stuffs such as C, paper, aluminium etc. could be used.The nucleus has a high strength to burden ratio while besides holding an first-class compaction strength.A disadvantage of the honeycomb nucleus is that some of the stuffs are expensive, while other stuffs are caustic depending on the stuff that is being used. Different types of nucleus stuffs that are used are:Nomex honeycombVinyl sheet frothBalsa woodPolyurethane sheet frothAluminumPaper/cardboard nucleusNomex honeycomb: is flame and fire resistant, has good impact opposition, is flexible, and lightweight. The Nomex honeycomb is chiefly used in the aerospace industry for the structural applications, due to it offering the best strength to burden ratio of nucleus stuffs. This peculiar type of honeycomb is an aerospace class fibre that is coated by phenol. Due to the cell structures being over expanded, it allows it to obtain more flexibleness, which hence besides makes it the most suitably applied in tight radius curves. Vinyl sheet froth: is one of the most adaptably used nucleus stuffs in the market. It is a closed cell, stiff stuff that is immune to thin acids, hydrocarbons, base, sea H2O, Diesel oil, methyl intoxicant, gasolene, and it besides able to self-extinguish its ego. It is presently being used on a large graduated table in the aircraft industry and the public presentation automotive constructions industry every bit good. It can be applied anyplace, such as topographic points that require high belongingss and easy handling. The froth is typically thermoformed in an oven or utilizing a heat gun while force per unit area is gently applied. If ultimate if it is desired to make the ultimate Peel strength a perforation roller is used in order to increase the surface country of the froth, which leads up to the addition of the Peel strength an excess 15 to 20 % . The vinyl sheet froth is really good appreciated due to it holding superior structural and mechanical belongingss. They are besides re ally easy handled in treating such as thermoforming, cutting, and determining. They are besides used in the procedure of rapid majority edifice, or in the bonding of single sheets that will supply the extra thickness that is needed in mark countries. It is besides H2O immune and insulative. Polyurethane sheet froth: It is stiff, with first-class floatation and thermic insularity belongingss, while it is besides closed cell. Some of the grounds as to why the Marine industry has been utilizing the froth extensively for the last few decennaries are that: -it is non really expensive when a lower belongings cored laminate is required. -The sheets are besides available in a broad assortment of thicknesses and are besides stiff. -The closed cell construction, allows it to defy the soaking up of H2O, gasolene, and oil.The froth demands to be stored off from sunlight in order to avoid debasement. It can besides defy temperatures that range from 60 F up to 300F. Balsa wood nucleus: This is the most used type of wood nucleus. It was specifically used in in the Marine industry, normally used for boat hulls and decks. One of the chief grounds as to why balsa is used, is because it is a natural merchandise, and could provide the market demand invariably due the balsa tree’s speedy growing rate. Some other advantages include its low cost, it is a light stuff yet being really strong. Some disadvantages include, – the possibility of being damaged by H2O, because it rots when it gets wet. – when we compare it to a solid fibre glass stuff it is more expensive, hence the fibre glass is by and large used as the alternate stuff to the balsa wood nucleus in the Marine industry. Aluminum honeycomb nucleus: The aluminium honeycomb construction provides the maximal stiffness that could be obtained and is the stuff that has one of the greatest strength to burden ratios, when compared to the other available structural nucleus stuffs. A chemical transition surfacing to protect the foil from corrosion is used after the foil is good cleaned. If maximal protection from corrosion is wanted, Alcore’s proprietary PAA coating is used in order to protect it from really rough environments. Some of the aluminium honeycomb belongingss include: -its first-class strength to burden ratio. –its ability to defy corrosion. –its ability to execute in elevated temperatures. –resistant to fungus and fire. –easily formed and machined. –does non absorb wet. –high thermic conduction. –withstands up to 350F. –has high stiffness. –super level surface. –it is a sound and thermic dielectric. –absorbs quiver. –it can be recycled . –easily fabricated and installed. –convenient in care. The applications where aluminium honeycomb nucleus could be used in include: Marine vass, doors, walls, ceilings, warming and air conditioning units, in mensurating the energy loss of sound extension in media, air and visible radiation and H2O directional systems, lifts, and eventually in bathrooms and kitchen dividers. Paper/cardboard honeycomb nucleus: Is normally used in the fabrication of panels in the trappings industry and is by and large used in the interior doors in the edifice sector.Some of the applications where the paper nucleus is used include: advertisement shows, it is used in the devising of carton palettes, used in the devising of container palette, automotive parts, trade carnival bases and packaging stuffs. It is a comparatively light and strong stuff, and its concentration and strength are due to the about perfect hexangular form that its cells make, which hence makes it highly immune to compaction, and is applicable in a broad assortment of instances. Properties of the paper honeycomb nucleus include: it is a 100 % reclaimable stuff, has high force per unit area strength, environment friendly, due to its great strength to burden ratio it is an first-class nucleus stuff that is able to be used for most applications, it is easy to utilize, really cost effectual, it is adaptable to huge utilizations in the uninterru pted production procedure, it gives a smooth surface with the stuffs that are confronting it, it is used in either cold or hot pressure, can be easy stored, has smaller weight, due to it being a 100 % reclaimable it produces no waste, and eventually it is a good noise and heat dielectric. Thevaluesof thermic insularity are relatively good and they depend on the denseness of the nucleus and specific building. In some instances, the thermal demands determine the thickness of the panel that is needed. By make fulling the cells with other stuffs such as loose insularity or froths so we can farther better the insularity values of the honeycomb. The distortion of the panels due to the different thermal and wet conditions was discovered to be about equal to the same order of as that of the panels that are made of plyboard which is glued to the wood frames while being insulated and have emphasiss moving on its faces. When the fire opposition of the honeycomb panels are compared to the about hollow panels with similar facings, it is significantly higher. While to farther increase the fire opposition, the cells are filled with foamed rosin. To the shapers of the merchandises such as furniture and doors the advantages of the sandwich building to them is clearly seeable and favourable. When builders and designers are interested in new edifice stuffs, the chief factors that are inquired are the strength of the stuff, opposition to fire, and the sum of thermic insularity that the honeycomb nucleus affords, how practical it is to utilize the sandwich buildings in edifices, and eventually the convenient beginnings of the sandwich panels. To bring forth the wavy or corrugated type of the honeycomb, the channel or cell is made by organizing the paper in between the grooved axial rotations on the equipment that is used in the procedure of bring forthing the corrugated container board. The advantages and disadvantages that are unnatural to the building differs from each type of nucleus. This difference lies in many factors such as, the equipment that is needed for the production procedure, the restrictions in adhesives and rosins, strength of stuff, the changing trouble of accurate film editing, easiness of transportation, the thermic insularity belongingss, and many other factors. When the rosin and basal stuff intervention are mentioned, such jobs as the rosin, fibre, lastingness, and wet strength are significantly common to all types of nucleuss. By utilizing paper that is lighter in weight, we are able to cut down the cost of the initial stuff every bit good as cut downing the saturating rosin needed to make the construction based on a given volume. The thermic insularity values of a honeycomb nucleus depended on the type of building and its denseness. Filling the cells with foamed-in-place rosin or with fill stuffs resulted in some betterment in the thermic insularity value. The lowest value obtained compared favourably with that of common mineral-wool merchandises. Paper honeycomb assemblies in one signifier or another are going more and more of import as nucleus stuffs in sandwich-type edifice panels. Light, strong, and stiff panels can be produced by adhering facings plyboard, chipboard, aluminium, or other sheet stuff to such lightweight nucleus stuffs. Research work on sandwich building has been carried on at the Forest Products Laboratory for over 20 old ages. The early work was devoted to the development of high-strength, lightweight sandwich stuffs suited for aircraft application, and the finding of their technology belongingss. After World War II, because of the increasing demand for edifice stuffs, the rules learned in probes of aircraft stuffs were modified to bring forth panels suited for edifice intents. For such applications, thermic insularity and lastingness became more of import and strength demands possibly lessened. It was evident early in the work on paper honeycomb nucleuss that, if they were to be used in panels where any great grade of thermic insularity was needed, it would be desirable to make full the cells of the honeycomb. In 1944, a few exploratory efforts were made to make full the cells of the honeycomb, and a phenolic rosin was successfully foamed into the honeycomb constructions. Cores were forced into blocks of balsa wood with small trouble. These few experiments indicated the possibility of make fulling the air infinites of the honeycomb construction when improved ‘ insularity belongingss are needed. To utilize sandwich building in edifices erected in cold northern climes, it appears to be necessary to make full the cells to obtain insularity belongingss equivalent to those of conventional insulated building. In some instances, increasing the thickness of the nucleus stuff between the facings may be the most economical manner of bettering insularity belongingss ; in other instances it may non be practical. When sandwich building was foremost considered for constructing stuff in dividers and doors, its ability to absorb or convey sound was frequently questioned. Most of these panels would hold really small built-in sound absorbing belongingss because of the hard-surfaced facings and the low mass of the panels. These belongingss might be improved, nevertheless, by agencies of perforations in one of the open faces or by particular nucleus buildings. Paper can be converted to honeycomb nucleus in a figure of different ways. The expanded type is made by interspacing sheets of treated paper with parallel and uniformly spaced strips of adhesive and spread outing the assembly, after adhering, to organize a nucleus with hexangular cell subdivisions ( fig. 1, top ) . Another type is made by looping and adhering sheets of resin-treated paper to organize round cells stand foring a â€Å" figure 8 † in cross subdivision ( fig. 1, underside ) . From assemblies of sheets of corrugated paper, a figure of different nucleus buildings are besides possible, some easier than others to manufacture. Eight of such buildings are shown in figure 2. Most of the experiments reported herein were made with the corrugated nucleus.

Treaty of Versailles: Do Peace Settlements Create Conditions for New Conflicts?

â€Å"Peace settlements create conditions for new conflicts. † With reference to the Treaty of Versailles explain to what extent you agree with this statement. (2005) Peace settlements or treaties are set up to establish some ground rules between countries that are included within the settlement. Within these peace settlement restrictions that benefit some countries and harm others are imposed by the conferences that these settlements are created. In the Treaty of Versailles signed after the First World War Germany suffered of harm due to the restrictions it imposed on the country which included a loss of land, demilitarization and other restrictions. Germany was the country least benefited from this agreement while other countries like France who created the Treaty were benefited due to the extensive payments that Germany had to pay France due to the destruction it caused. This Treaty led to new tensions within new countries that were formed due to the division of land due to different nationalities forced to be enclosed within one newly formed country. After the end of World War One a peace conference was set up in order to determine how the destruction caused by the war was going to be handled in order to try and satisfy rival countries. In the conference of the creation of The Treaty of Versailles the major consensus that its members arrived to was that the blame for most of the destruction in Europe was to be blamed to Germany. Germany due to its diplomatic relations had no vote in the future of the country of Germany which included a reduction in its army to 100,000 soldiers, no U-boats, reduced navy, no air force. This was implemented due to fear of a new attack by the German power to weakened countries in Europe which led to these restrictions in order to have full militaristic control over Germany. Not only did militaristic control gain provide security to the rival countries but security that Germany would be isolated and weak was one ultimate goal of the treaty which stated that Germany could not join up with an allied of the war in order to defend itself, its most important industrial geographical section was taken away in order to prevent militaristic growth which could mean it could serve as a defense territory for France. This loss in an economic producing part of Germany caused tensions to arise between France and Germany because the Germans could not pay any of the payments to France due to the economic crisis that struck Germany after the treaty of Versailles was imposed. This caused a inflation growth in Germany where its currency lost total value and this caused France to begin tensions with Germany because Germany had no money to pay the installments and France demanded them in order to â€Å"recuperate† from the destruction produced by Germany. In order to establish control and enforcement of the following of the Treaty of Versailles the United States imposed the Dawes plan that lent money to Germany to pay the installments and recuperate from the economic crisis but it had to be paid back and this caused Germany to fall into a deeper problem since when the United States demanded the money to be returned in the Great Depression Germany did not possess any money available to pay this loan causing tensions with countries abroad Europe. The creation of new countries came about when the division of land was decided by the treaty of Versailles. These new countries were land recovered from the major powers and mostly were taken from Germany due to the main blame for the war. This caused several different types of tensions among the people of different nationalities within the newly formed countries due to the difference in nationalities of the people who were enclosed within these new countries due to constant clashes of racial, ethnical disagreements. This of course caused discontent in the countries that the land was taken away from most evidently and most explicitly shown in Germany under the power of Adolf Hitler in 1933. Hitler as a totalitarian leader has several goals he wishes to reach while he is in power and one of these was that he wanted to rejoin all the German speaking people into one country in order to create one strong Germany but this was a difficult job since the Treaty of Versailles caused many German speaking people to be separated from the main country and be put into newly formed countries. This caused the people to feel oppressed and Hitler grew a hate to the Treaty due to the oppression it produced on the people of Germany. Ultimately this peace settlement created a new condition for a new conflict which later became known as World War Two due to the discontent Hitler had towards it and the ultimate goal he had which was to abolish it with no matter how many lives it took or how much destruction it would take. And as history shows there was no opposition in the beginning of his destruction of the treaty ue to the fear that any obstruction in stopping Hitler might cause a war between a countries that began to grow against another who is recuperating from a devastating war. After analyzing and understanding the reasons and effects of the Treaty of Versailles it can be said with historical facts that the treaty of Versailles set up a scene for a new conflict that would become another total war in a proximity to the previous one that would have never been predicted. The treaty created oppression towards the people why were involved in it, mainly Germany, which caused clashes and opposition to arise in order to abolish the treaty. Hitler was a complete enemy towards the treaty since he saw the oppression it produced and it had to be destroyed no matter how many lives and destruction and despair it took in order to reach his goal of destroying the treaty. A pace settlement or treaty like the Treaty of Versailles at first shows a future of peace and prosperity at cost of oppression being imposed in enemy countries. The treaty of Versailles did not cause this wonderful future but caused another major conflict in a short time after this war that would be later called World War Two with the same or more destruction as the one that preceded it years prior. In order to impose a treaty oppression is used and can turn into chaos causing a new major conflict or can be a limit for the opponent in order to control every action it takes as the Treaty of Versailles proved.

Implicit Parameters in Java

Implicit Parameters in Java The implicit parameter in Java is the object that the method belongs to. Its passed by specifying the reference or variable of the object before the name of the method.  An implicit parameter is opposite to an  explicit  parameter, which is passed when specifying the parameter in the parenthesis of a method call. If a parameter isnt explicitly defined, the parameter is considered implicit. Explicit Method Example When your program calls a method of an object, its common to pass a value to the method. For example, here, the object Employee has a method called setJobTitle: Employee dave new Employee(); dave.setJobTitle(Candlestick Maker); The String Candlestick Maker is an explicit parameter being passed to the setJobTitle method. Implicit Method Example However, there is another parameter in the method call that is known as the implicit parameter. The implicit parameter is the object the method belongs to. In the above example, its dave, the object of type Employee. Implicit parameters are not defined within a method declaration because they are implied by the class the method is in: public class Employee {  Ã‚  public void setJobTitle(String jobTitle)  Ã‚  {  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  this.jobTitle jobTitle;  Ã‚  } } In order to call the setJobTitle method, there must be an object of type Employee.

Biography of Kurt Schwitters, German Collage Artist

Biography of Kurt Schwitters, German Collage Artist Kurt Schwitters (June 20, 1887 - January 8, 1948) was a German collage artist who anticipated many later movements in modernist art, including the use of found objects, Pop Art, and art installations. Initially influenced by Dadaism, he created his own style, which he called Merz. He used found objects and items others considered garbage to create aesthetically appealing works of art. Fast Facts: Kurt Schwitters Full Name: Kurt Hermann Eduard Karl Julius SchwittersOccupation: Collage artist and painterBorn: June 20, 1887 in Hanover, GermanyDied: January 8, 1948 in Kendal, EnglandParents: Eduard Schwitters and Henriette BeckemeyerSpouse: Helma FischerChild: Ernst SchwittersSelected Works: Revolving (1919), Construction for Noble Ladies (1919), The Merzbau (1923-1937)Notable Quote: The picture is a self-sufficient work of art. It is not connected to anything outside. Early Life and Career Kurt Schwitters was born into a middle-class family in Hanover, Germany. At age 14, he suffered an epileptic seizure, a condition that recurred throughout much of his life and had a significant impact on the way he looked at the world. Schwitters began studying art at the Dresden Academy in 1909 seeking a traditional career as a painter. In 1915, when he returned to Hanover, his work reflected a post-impressionist style, showing no impact from modernist movements such as cubism. In October 1915, he married Helma Fischer. They had one son who died as an infant and a second son, Ernst, born in 1918. Initially, Kurt Schwitters epilepsy exempted him from military service in World War I, but as conscription expanded late in the war, he faced enlistment. Schwitters didnt serve in battle, but he spent the last 18 months of the war serving as a technical draftsman in a factory. Genja Jonas / Public Domain First Collages The economic and political collapse of the German government at the end of World War I had a profound impact on Karl Schwitters art. His painting turned toward Expressionist ideas, and he began picking up litter in the streets as found objects to incorporate into works of art. Schwitters gained the attention of other artists in postwar Berlin with his first one-person exhibition at Der Sturm Gallery. He created a non-sensical Dada-influenced poem, An Anna Blume, for the event and displayed his first collage works. Through the use of items that others would consider garbage, Schwitters illustrated his idea that art could emerge from destruction. Construction for Noble Ladies (1919). Kurt Schwitters / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain Kurt Schwitters was suddenly a respected member of the Berlin avant-garde. Two of his closest contemporaries were Austrian artist and writer Raoul Hausmann and German-French artist Hans Arp. Merz or Psychological Collage While he engaged directly with many artists in the Dada movement, Kurt Schwitters devoted himself to the development of his own style that he labeled Merz. He adopted the name when he found a piece of an advertisement from the local bank or kommerz that contained only the last four letters. The Merz magazine first appeared in 1923. It helped solidify Schwitters place in the European art world. He supported lectures and performances by a wide range of Dada artists, musicians, and dancers. He often created collages to help advertise the events. The Merz collage style is also often called psychological collage. Kurt Schwitters work avoids non-sensical construction by trying to make sense of the world with a harmonious juxtaposition of found objects. The materials included sometimes made witty references to current events, and other times were autobiographical including bus tickets and items given to the artist by friends. In 1923, Kurt Schwitters began the construction of the Merzbau, one of the most ambitious of his Merz projects. He ultimately transformed six rooms of his familys house in Hanover. The process was a gradual one and involved contributions of art and objects from Schwitters ever-expanding network of friends. He completed the first room in 1933 and expanded from there into other parts of the house until fleeing to Norway in 1937. A bombing raid destroyed the building in 1943. Merzbau. Sprengel Museum / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain In the 1930s, Kurt Schwitters reputation spread internationally. His work appeared in two landmark 1936 exhibitions at the Museum of Modern Art in 1936. One show was titled Cubism and Abstract Art and the other Fantastic Art, Dada, and Surrealism. Exile from Germany In 1937, the Nazi government in Germany labeled Kurt Schwitters work degenerate and confiscated it from museums. On January 2, 1937, after finding out that he was wanted for an interview with the Gestapo, Schwitters fled to Norway to join his son who left a week earlier. His wife, Helma, stayed behind in Germany to manage their property. She visited Norway regularly until the outbreak of World War II in September 1939. The last time Kurt and Helma saw each other was a family celebration in Oslo, Norway in June 1939. Helma died in 1944 of cancer before World War II ended. After Nazi Germany invaded and occupied Norway in 1940, Schwitters escaped to Scotland with his son and daughter-in-law. As a German national, he was subject to a series of interments by the U.K. authorities in Scotland and England until he eventually arrived at Hutchinson Square in Douglas on the Isle of Man on July 17, 1940. Dadaists in Germany including Kurt Schwitters. Apic / Getty Images A collection of terraced houses around Hutchinson Square served as an internment camp. Most of those in residence were German or Austrian. It soon became known as an artists camp since so many internees were artists, writers, and other intellectuals. Kurt Schwitters soon became one of the most prominent residents of the camp. He soon opened up studio space and took on art students, many of whom later became successful artists. Schwitters earned release from the camp in November 1941, and he moved to London. There he met Edith Thomas, the companion of his last years. Kurt Schwitters met a number of other artists in London including British abstract artist Ben Nicholson and Hungarian modernist pioneer Laszlo Moholy-Nagy. Later Life In 1945, Kurt Schwitters moved to the Lake District of England with Edith Thomas for the last stage of his life. He moved into new territory in his painting creating what are considered precursors to the later Pop Art movement in a series titled For Kate after his friend, art historian Kate Steinitz. Schwitters spent many of his last days working on what he called the Merzbarn in Elterwater, England. It was a recreation of the spirit of the destroyed Merzbau. To maintain his income, he was forced to paint portraits and landscape pictures that could be sold easily to residents and tourists. These show a heavy influence from his Post-Impressionist past. Kurt Schwitters died on January 8, 1948, from chronic heart and lung disease. This is a cover of a book of 8 lithographs entitled Die Kathedrale, published in Hanover in 1920. This publication was created as response to the Dadaism included in the periodical Dada: Receuil litteraire et artistique by Tristan Tzara. Corbis via Getty Images / Getty Images Legacy and Influence Whether intentional or not, Kurt Schwitters was a pioneer anticipating many later developments in modernist art. His use of found materials anticipated the later collage work of artists like Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg. He believed that art couldnt be and shouldnt be restricted to a frame on a wall. That point of view impacted the later development of installation and performance art. The series For Kate is considered proto-pop art through its use of a comic book art style. Merzzeichnung 47 (1920). Kurt Schwitters / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain Arguably, the most complete representation of Schwitters artistic point of view was his beloved Merzbau. It allowed those in the building to immerse themselves in an aesthetic environment composed of found objects, autobiographical references, and the contributions of friends and acquaintances. Sources Schulz, Isabel. Kurt Schwitters: Color and Collage. The Merrill Collection, 2010.

Case Study in Systems and Operations Management - Otakowa Essay

Case Study in Systems and Operations Management - Otakowa - Essay Example III. Research and Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1. Research proposal†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2. Analysis of Existing Systems and Activities†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. a. Organizational Arrangement scrutiny†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ b. Data Systems Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. c. Activities analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦. IV. Conclusion and Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. V. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. I. Executive Summary According to the customer report of Atokowa Advantage Co. Ltd., there is a reported and documented noteworthy drop in corporate productivity over the past consecutive half decade. Along with this is the noteworthy decrement in market share and control from a globally prevailing spot of 35% to insignificant 16% within similar time fame under monitoring. The main aim of this report is to test the systems technology and the operational procedures of Atokowa Company Limited so as to assess its productivity to the general corporate aim of productivity and development. Particularly, it suggests means by which the organization could adopt in order to advance the value of administration and executive management. Additionally, the provision of probability within these marketplaces for its stationary business, the study also gave a novel market position within these markets for sorted out stationary. The markets simply required the basic stationary (Meyler, Fuller, Joyner & Dominey, A. 2008, p. 11). Nevertheless they also demonstrated a wish for more sorted out and expansion within these commodities. It is usually upon a similar wish that Carik enterprises was founded to handle specifically with stationary aimed for the learning institutions. Atokowa Company Limited was established originally two decades ago as Carik enterprises, a subordinate of an Australian corporation known as Dungles Ltd. The organization was originally formed to tap into a developing section off the parent’s organization’s gain dealings. The management of Dungles Ltd. had a mission of developing their business markets within the region and likely into other external markets like the United States, Eastern Europe States similar to Germany and Russia and China were going through a population explosion (Burstein & Holsapple, 2008, p. 369). The organization worked under the identity of Carik enterprises for more than 6 years until it was taken over in 1988 by another American-oriented stationary firm known as Cereomacx enterprises. The organization worked under the new Cereomax title for a year until the second annual overall limited name an Atokowa Company Limited. This is mainly because of the organization’s wish to tap developing and extremely profitable Asian Market (Blanchard, 2007, p. 77). The mission of the organization appears to have hit a thump and as such the company wishes for a convincing fix that will reverse the inclination context back onto the track of productivity and development (Hill, 2011, p. 34). The report scrutinizes the roles of hu man resource in staffing, inventory control, technology adoption and utilization and in novel commodity and novelty. In this regard, the report analysis utilizes

Rudolf Steiners ideas for the care and education of young children Essay

Rudolf Steiners ideas for the care and education of young children - Essay Example If the olds are facing this hardship trying to deal with the new things in this world how much more the young ones who will be raced up in this kind of world There is a saying that "the young's are the hope of the land". As they took step on the developmental period specific behaviors represent qualitative changes in the structure or function of these organisms that appear over a given stage following progressive sequences. And so they undergo physical developments until they become adults like us. Childhood phase is the said to be the molding ground for individuals. It serves as the foundation of a human being. The Head of the German Theosophical Society, Rudolf Steiner believed that children passes through three seven-year stages and that education should be appropriate to the spirit for each stage. Birth to age 7, which he said is a period for the spirit to adjust to being in the material world. At this stage, children best learn through imitation. Academic content is held to a minimum during these years. Children are told fairy tales, but do no reading until about the second grade. They learn about the alphabet and writing in first grade. According to Steiner, the second stage of growth is characterized by imagination and fantasy. Children learn best from ages 7 to 14 by acceptance and emulation of authority. The children have a single teacher during this period and the school becomes a "family" with the teacher as the authoritative "parent". The third stage, from 14 to 21, is when the astral body is drawn into the physical body, causing puberty. These beliefs are acceptable but let us examine carefully the curriculum he is trying to imply. As he built his Goetheanum; the school of spiritual science of Waldorf school for the children of workers at the Waldorf-Astoria cigarette factory in Stuttgart, Germany, in 1919 and currently operating in North America. Steiner designed the curriculum of his schools around notions that he apparently got by special spiritual insight into the nature of Nature and the nature of children. The education here focuses on myths and other non-Christian thing. Aside from that they are encouraging Satanism which is not morally upright for a Christian Society. Children must learn how to be love and appreciate love and affections the gain from others. They should learn things about them and answer their questions related to where they came from. Why not teach some about the Creator. His views pertaining to caring to children are appropriate, he value the stages that an individual is in. He considered the stages where the child is in need. He said that children at the 0 to 7 years old are adjusting him in the material world. Yes that's true. Aside from living in a material world of course the child must have the material support too, coming from the parents who are the guardians. As from the Abraham Maslow's Hierarch of Needs that before an individual reach the point or level that he is a self - actualized person, a person must first take his step in having the Basic needs, including clothes, foods and any material supports before he

Political Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Political Act - Essay Example He resigned the Yugoslav presidency amid demonstrations, following the disputed presidential election of September 24, 2000. (wikipedia.com). He surrendered to the JSO (an elite group of police in Serbia), to avoid forced arrest in April 1, 2001. This put in compliance with an American deadline. The warrant had previously been made on suspicion of corruption, abuse of power, and embezzlement. The charges were domestic. The legitimacy of the arrest was not proven since Milosevic surrender; however putting Milosevic in jail is not legal. The investigation does not have a hard evidence to convict the former president. The Serbian Prime Minister Milosevic act during the war convicted him for committing war crimes. During the Yugoslav war in 1990 and Kosovo war in 1999 he conducted his own defense at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, where he stood accused of crimes against humanity, violating the laws or customs of war, grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions and genocide. The decision of the court of not giving him the proper medical treatment is legitimate in the sense that he is convicted of a crime, but the said action is illegal since every person is entitled to have a proper treatment. His trial ended without verdict because he died during the proceedings. He suffered from heart ailments and high blood pressure. In the case of President Milosevic he had made a legitimate act during the war since he is the president; however he violated the laws of war and the Geneva Conventions. The political acts performed by Milosevic are a good example of legitimate act but legal. There are also cases wherein political act is legitimate but it does not necessarily need to be legal. In the case of the American and the British decision to attacked Iraq and engaged into war is legitimate. In the inquiry of people in the website of Noam Chompsky one question goes like this: "Do you think that, after the unjustified and unjustifiable war against Iraq, the world will lose the meaning of its existence, like in the field of language, when we lose the grammatical rules Will we automatically lose the reference of the meaning of sentences, and consequently the meaning of the world around us" Noam answer this question by citing one statement done by a follower of the Iraq war, Michael Glennon, who argues that we should recognize that international law and international institutions are what he calls hot air. They have proven their inapplicability by the fact that the United States disregards them, and he says it is right to disregard them, and the United States must maintain the right to use force as it chooses, independent of these institutions, which we simply have to dismiss and disregard. The act of Americans and British against Iraq has gain criticism throughout the world. But the said act is legitimate. The legality of attacking someone is not being followed especially during the time of war or the need to have a war. In the case of the American President he needs to make decisions depending on the

Ready To Eat Foods English Language Essay

Ready To Eat Foods English Language Essay Street food, which is undoubtedly an essential part of people life, is widely known as ready-to-eat foods and beverages prepared and/or sold by vendors and hawker especially in streets and other similar public places (FAO 1989 cited in Alizon 1996). Differently, Alizon defines street food as an extremely heterogeneous food category, encompassing meals, drinks and snack (1996). It cannot be denied that street food has deep impacts on eating habit of many people. In fact, a study from the FAO (2007) shows that there are approximately 2.5 billion people world-wide eating street food every day; in Bangkok, street food makes up for 40 percent in total nutrition intake of the resident. Additionally, researches indicate that it also plays a substantial socio-economy role in the employment potential. The Equity Policy Center notes that the street food trade consists 6 percent of the total labor force in Zinguinchor, Senegal and Manikganj, Bangladesh to 15 percent and 25 percent in Iloil Cit y, the Philippines, and Bogor, Indonesia, respectively (Cohen 1985 cited in Alizon 1996). Thanks to many benefits, the development of street is continuously on the rise. On the other hand, the question of whether or not street food is completely good remains controversial. Therefore, this paper, with a view to helping us have deeper knowledge about street food, will discuss its development, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. 2. Discussion of findings 2.1 The development From the ancient time, street food was considered as a vital part of people life. There is no information suggesting the exact time when the street food appears, however, it is supposed to have appeared very early in the human history. A traveling Florentine reported in the late 1300s that in Cairo, people carried picnic cloths made of raw hide to spread on the streets and eat their meals of lamb kebabs, rice and fritters that they had purchased from street vendors. (Wikipedia) Today, like many other types of services for daily life, street food has been developed fast and be loved by billion people throughout the world. The FAO points out that the increased popularity of street food is seemed to be closely linked with the change in the lifestyle and family structure (2013). In fact, in such a modern life as nowadays, people find it difficult to have enough time to relax themselves, let alone cook and enjoy meals together regularly; therefore, many of them see street food as a perfect substitution food. As a result, the demand of street food becomes higher. Street food can be found in every part of the world, particularly in crowed cities. Look into the actual state; many people are eating street food on a regular basis and even seeing it as an indispensable part of daily life. For instant, basing on the survey did by the Nutrition Center of Ho Chi Minh city, there are over 95.5% people are utilizing street food; 51% eating street food every day and 82% using street food for breakfast (Nguyen 2003).On the other hand, thanks to the rising prevalence of street food, the street food trade also tends to be more common. There is a big number of people who are earning their life by selling street food. Specifically, Alizon (1996) mentions an estimation of EPOC indicating that in Bogor, there are approximately 18,000 vendors in a city of about 250,000; or in a smaller area like Hoankiem district, there are over 2,000 vendors (Lam 2008). With a numerous people taking part in, street food trade naturally brings a giant profit. Henrilyto (2012) s tates that the annual sale from selling food on the street in Borgor, Indonesia amount to $67 million and it is 2.2 billion in Malaysia. Obviously, street food is gradually developing and showing its impacts on aspects of our life. 2.2 The characteristics As already mentioned, street food is generally a type of fast food, which is sold popularly on the street and includes a variety of materials. Street food is more affordable, convenient and competitive in comparison with others types of food (Alizon 1996). Commonly, street food is cooked on the street and only when being offered, does the seller start to prepare; therefore, almost street food is hot and keep its best flavors. Talk about the features of street food, Dao (2008) affirms that street food is suitable for every age group, both the young and the old like eating street food. However, he also cites the hidden danger of street food for people. It is obvious that street food can be seen widely in many places, however, in each area, it has a distinct attraction. It is totally acceptable to understand that there are a plenty of types of food sold on the street and different places bring different flavors of street foods. For example, while street food in Vietnam is described as fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area, the street food of Thailand is fiery and pungent with shrimp paste and fish sauce (Dorling 2011).Furthermore, to make a variety of meals, vendors often process food in a numerous ways like roasted, steamed, boiled and many others way. A study by the EPOC demonstrates that in Bogor only, a list of popular street food consists of about 300 items with majority of traditional meals and drinks (Chapman 1894 cited in Alizon 1996). With a big number of meals like this, Alizon (1996) suggests that street foods can be classified into three main types: by meal, by number and type of ingredients, and by lev el and type of processing. Clearly, the variation is an important factor; which attracts billion people each year. Not only is street food diverse in list of meals, but it also being sold in a various places. Dao (2008) suggested that the place of selling street food can be divided into five groups: selling food on transports, selling in public spaces, selling in a small house, selling in restaurant or hotel and the last is food sold in festival. In fact, street food is mostly sold in some crowed and moveable places like markets and shopping areas, commercial districts, outside schools and hospitals, residential suburbs, factories, and construction sites (Alizon 1996). Visibly, street food is sold and produced under a very simple infrastructure. 3.3The advantages and disadvantages Street food likes many others problems always having two faces: negative and positive The street food is now attracting more and more people due to many obvious benefits, namely, its low cost, convenience and its significance with some social issues. It is same in everywhere that the price of street food seems to be the least expensive in all kinds of food. Talk about the advantages of street food, Dao (2008) highlighted that street food is suitable with a majority of people because of the low price. Moreover, he also mentions that street food can satisfy many different hobbies of customers thanks to the diversity in the category. Besides the benefits above, street food also plays a meaningful role in society nowadays. Street food is expected to be a good way to introduce local culture, which attracts millions visitors each year. For instant, in the Philippines, street food is not just a plentiful source of food; it also is a fundamental part of the tradition and landscape (Henrylito 2012).It takes for granted that street food brings visitors the deep impression of lifestyle and custom in each region. Additionally, street food is considered as a potential market, which can bring a big income and create jobs for the unemployed; especially the women in urban area, whose job is usually unstable. FAO(1989) studies finds a high rate of participation of women in street food trade in some South American countries; for instant, in Colombia, 59 percent of vendors were women, and, in Peru, 64 percent (cited in Alizon,1996). However, street food can bring people some negative effects. According to Alizon (1996), the safety of street foods seems to be a major consideration, which is now under the cloud of suspicion of many people. In fact, almost food are prepared and processed under bad sanitary facilities, moreover, as mentioned before, street food is usually sold on the road or a very simple places. Therefore, street food itself carries a high risk of disease. Henrylito (2012) states that: According to experts, all street food, cooked or raw, can cause gastroenteritis, typhoid and hepatitis, depending on the bacteria or viral infection they contain. Like many other countries, street food in Vietnam develops fast; however, the safe food is one of most serious problem that Vietnam is facing to. Studies actually show that there is a high proportion of contaminated food in Vietnam. Specifically, currently up to 98% of the street food stores do not meet safety standards prescribed by the Ministry of Health (Dai 2010).According to Tran (2008), director of the National Food Safety and Hygiene, states that there are over 55 cases of poisoning food caused by street food to more than 1,300 deaths in the last three years. Thus, street food safe, which is really hard on solving, is an alarming issues not only in Vietnam, but also in many others countries throughout the world. 4. Conclusion All the findings above indicate that the increased commonness of street food is still going on in almost every part throughout the world. Undoubtedly, street food not only contributes an important part in daily diet of billion people, but it also plays a vital role in socio-economic issues in lots of areas. In contrast, street food can brings people negative effects, specifically affects people health seriously. There is a fact that the place of selling food is very simple and uncontrollable, moreover, the facilities served for processing food is also under very bad condition. Therefore, street food is always at high risk of diseases. Thus, it cannot be denied that people can take many advantages of street food. However, health is obviously the most important issue so it is necessary to consider carefully about where we should eat street food to ensure a good health. REFERENCES LIST: Alizon, Ph.D.1996, Street food in developing countries: The potential for micronutrient fortification, viewed 5 March 2013 http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNACJ872.pdf Chapman 1894 cited in Alizon Draper, Ph.D.1996, Street food in developing countries :The potential for micronutrient fortification, viewed 5 March 2013, http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNACJ872.pdf Cohen 1985 cited in Alizon Draper, Ph.D.1996, Street food in developing countries :The potential for micronutrient fortification, viewed 5 March 2013, http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNACJ872.pdf Dai, D. 2010, 98% cÆ ¡ sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸ thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©c ăn Ä‘Æ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ng phà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ khà ´ng Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡t chuà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ©n và ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ sinh, viewed 5 March 2013, http://www.tin247.com/98_co_so_thuc_an_duong_pho_khong_dat_chuan_ve_sinh-10- 21574351.html Dao, M.T.2008, Ve sinh an toan thuc pham thuc an duong pho cho nguoi tieu dung, viewed 5 March 2013, http://www.medinet.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/data/news/2008/4/5397/vesinhantoanthucpham.htm Dorling, K.2011, Street food, viewed 5 March 2013, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_food Food and Agriculture Organization 1989,A summary of FAO studies and other activities relating to street cited in Alizon Draper ,Ph.D.1996, Street food in developing countries :The potential for micronutrient fortification, viewed 5 March 2013, http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNACJ872.pdf Food and Agriculture Organization 2007,Street food, viewed 5 March 2013, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_food Food and Agriculture Organization 2013, Food processing and street food, viewed 5 March 2013, http://www.fao.org/fcit/food-processing/en/ Henrilyto, D.T.2012, Street food: to eat or not to eat, viewed 5 March 2013, http://www.sunstar.com.ph/weekend-davao/street-food-eat-or-not-eat Lam, Q.H.2008, Ä Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  xuà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥m bà ¡n hà  ng rong trà ªn hà ¨ phà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Hà   Nà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢i ,viewed 5 March 2013, http://www.baomoi.com/De-xuat-cam-ban-hang-rong-tren-he-pho-Ha-Noi/144/1257108.epi Nguyen, L. 2003, Hià ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™m hoà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡ tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ « thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©c ăn Ä‘Æ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ng phà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ: Cà ³ nà ªn cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥p phà ©p bà ¡n hà  ng?, viewed 5 March 2013, http://dddn.com.vn/38810cat104/hiem-hoa-tu-thuc-an-duong-pho-co-nen-cap-phep-ban-hang.htm Street food, viewed 5 March 2013, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_food Tran, D. 2008, Thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©c ăn Ä‘Æ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ng phà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœi nguy thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ i khuà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ©n tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £! , viewed 5 March 2013, http://www.tin247.com/thuc_an_duong_pho_moi_nguy_thoi_khuan_ta%21-1-6640.html